Research data shows that the multiplicity of pharmacological properties of essential oils occurs due to the chemical diversity in their composition and their ability to interfere with biological processes at cellular and multicellular levels via interaction with various biological targets. 
PubMed/MEDLINE, 2023
The lipophilic profile of these components contributes to their ability to penetrate cells and tissues to reach biological targets and carry out the pharmacological response. Their constituents cross the biological membranes of infected cells and/or microorganisms with ease and cause their death. ​PubMed/MEDLINE, 2023​​​
The pharmacological profile of essential oils includes antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant activities, among others. Essential oils are composed of approximately 20–60 components at different concentrations, but some of them may contain more than 300 different substances. PubMed/MEDLINE, 2023
The antioxidant activity of some constituents of Essential Oils suggests their possible action in restoring balance in pathological disorders associated with oxidative stress, including inflammatory and tumoral processes. ​PubMed/MEDLINE, 2023​​
MDPI Research reports that none of the 27 commercial “birch” essential oil samples tested contained the natural chemical markers for true birch oil — many instead showed markers for wintergreen oil or synthetic methyl salicylate.
MDPI Research, 2022
Wild-Orange Oil & Limonene (2023)The MDPI study found that wild-orange essential oil (Citrus sinensis) contains ~70 % limonene and demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic and skin-protective properties, highlighting the therapeutic potential of wild orange essential oils and its major compound. MDPI Research, 2024
The MDPI study found that inhalation of wild-orange essential oil (Citrus sinensis) and its main compound limonene improved behavior in chronically stressed mice. Limonene, the most abundant compound in the oil and in the mice brains after inhalation, also modulated neurotransmitter levels and regulated the HPA axis, highlighting its potential mood-supporting effects. PubMed PubMed Research 2019
The MDPI study found that essential oils from orange, pummelo, and tangelo peels contained 80–95% limonene in orange peel oils. Limonene was highlighted as a key contributor to the bioactivities of citrus oils, including their antimicrobial potential. MDPI Research, 2024